In the summer +40°C, in the winter -20°: in the Turkmen desert of Karagum, a fibre optic network has been set up in which industrial Ethernet components from MICROSENS have been used. This example shows that industrial Ethernet is far more than just a factory hall network technology. Ethernet, the only global standard protocol, is being used in an increasing number of application areas. 在夏季+40°C，冬季-20°C的卡拉庫(kù)沙漠里的土庫(kù)曼，光纖網(wǎng)已開(kāi)通，這樣MICROSENS的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品也在這一地區(qū)被使用。這個(gè)例子表明，工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)不止是辦公自動(dòng)化。以太網(wǎng)作為全球唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的協(xié)議，正在逐漸被運(yùn)用到越來(lái)越多的領(lǐng)域。 Industrial Ethernet is not just a buzzword but rather a term for the use of Ethernet components with high reliability in tough conditions. Classical field-bus systems have long been on the way out. On one hand, the Ethernet solutions can be realised considerably more efficiently, and on the other, the merging with corporate networks that use Ethernet anyway is being pushed. 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)不只是一個(gè)口號(hào)，而是在惡劣的環(huán)境下以太網(wǎng)組件高可靠性的代名詞。傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn)系統(tǒng)早已過(guò)時(shí)。一方面，以太網(wǎng)解決方案的實(shí)現(xiàn)更為高效。在另一方面，MICROSENS正在推進(jìn)與其他使用以太網(wǎng)的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的合并。 Furthermore, industrial Ethernet is the only global communication standard for the management and control of production processes. Existing proprietary standards tended to serve as protection for manufacturers of communication equipment and to tie the user to the respective company. Among others, this is also a reason why many efforts to establish a uniform industry standard have not been successful. Only Ethernet facilitates the combination of components from different manufacturers. 此外，工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)是管理和控制生產(chǎn)流程的全球唯一通訊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?，F(xiàn)有的專(zhuān)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)往往傾向于保護(hù)通信設(shè)備制造商，并把用戶(hù)綁定到所屬公司。另外，這也是下面問(wèn)題的合理解釋?zhuān)慈藗優(yōu)榻⒁粋€(gè)統(tǒng)一的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)付出了艱辛勞動(dòng)，可最終一無(wú)所獲。只有以太網(wǎng)便于來(lái)自不同廠家的產(chǎn)品的組合。 Standardised components Industrial Ethernet incorporates switches, hubs and media converters that are characterised by a special design. Attachment to 35 mm DIN top-hat rails, a power supply with 24 V direct current, an enhanced temperature range for operations and an increased protection class against dust or splash-water are typical of these appliances. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組成元件 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的集成交換機(jī)、集線(xiàn)器和媒體轉(zhuǎn)換器都是特別設(shè)計(jì)的。35 mm DIN 頂帽子鐵，24 V直流電源，較大的作業(yè)溫差，增強(qiáng)防塵或防濺水之類(lèi)的設(shè)備都是它里面的典型應(yīng)用。 Furthermore, some components have special provisions for failure safety. In addition to the connection of redundant power supplies, special power supplies support fault-tolerant ring topologies, meaning that a disruption can be restricted to a maximum of one switch. If a connection line fails, the network can even continue to work entirely on its own. To facilitate rapid reaction times, fault recognition is usually carried out by newly developed mechanisms. Irrespective of this, the user can still resort to standards such as Rapid Spanning Tree. 此外，有些組成元件有專(zhuān)門(mén)的針對(duì)安全問(wèn)題的特殊設(shè)備。除了連接冗余電源外，還可以連接支持容錯(cuò)環(huán)狀拓?fù)涞奶厥怆娫?，即可中斷其中任何一個(gè)交換機(jī)。如果一條連接線(xiàn)失敗，整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)依然可以繼續(xù)工作。為了方便快速識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤，故障識(shí)別通常采用新機(jī)制。除這些外，用戶(hù)還可以采取其他途徑，如快速生成樹(shù)。 Fibre optic outdoes copper In the area of industrial networking, an intelligent combination of copper and fibre optic segments has prevailed on the market. On one hand, classical copper cables are used for the cost-effective connection of terminals such as machine controls, industry PCs, signalisation or monitoring systems to the network. On the other hand, fibre optics have established themselves for the connection between the switches, thanks to their favourable transmission features. 光纜超過(guò)銅纜 在工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域，銅纜和光纜的智能結(jié)合在市場(chǎng)上已很普遍。一方面，人們使用傳統(tǒng)銅纜是基于連接終端諸如機(jī)器控制，工控機(jī)，信號(hào)發(fā)送或監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)等和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接成本考慮的。另一方面，由于光纖良好的傳輸特性，這樣交換機(jī)之間的連接更迅速。 When Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet is used, the same transmission speeds are realised on copper and fibre optic cables. However, the advantages of fibre optic lie in its insensitivity to electro-magnetic disruptive influences, in the greater transmission distances that can be realised and the simple handling for installation and routing. 當(dāng)采用快速以太網(wǎng)或千兆以太網(wǎng)時(shí)，銅纜和光纜具有相同的傳輸速度。然而，光纖的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它不受電磁干擾的影響，可進(jìn)行更長(zhǎng)距離的傳輸以及它簡(jiǎn)易的安裝和路由。 As an established manufacturer of fibre optic technologies, MICROSENS has offered corresponding solutions for the realisation of industrial Ethernet structures for years. With its own patent, an alternative standard protocol was offered for the first time. MICROSENS is also the first supplier of Gigabit Ethernet solutions for industrial Ethernet. 作為光纖技術(shù)建立者之一， MICROSENS多年來(lái)一直在為實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)組建提供了相應(yīng)的解決方案。MICROSENS首次提出了一個(gè)供選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議，并擁有自己的專(zhuān)利。 MICROSENS也是第一個(gè)千兆位工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)解決方案供應(yīng)商。 Going the distance Currently, a remote monitoring system has been realised for the gas pipeline in Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and the data transmission is done via industrial Ethernet with MICROSENS components. Even if a remote monitoring system is not a typical industrial application, the advantages of industrial Ethernet in particular still come to bear. The enhanced temperature range for operations, robustness, failure safety and the available fibre optic solutions are features that are urgently required here. 發(fā)展空間 目前，在中亞的土庫(kù)曼斯坦，遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)已運(yùn)用到輸氣管監(jiān)控上，數(shù)據(jù)是由MICROSENS的產(chǎn)品組成的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)傳輸?shù)摹ｋm然遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)不是工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的一個(gè)典型工業(yè)應(yīng)用，但它的優(yōu)勢(shì)性將逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。諸如耐寒耐熱性，堅(jiān)固性，安全性和一些可用到的光纖解決方案等特點(diǎn)在這里迫切需要。 The young republic of Turkmenistan is now one of the top five countries in the world for mineral oil and natural gas, after Russia, USA and Canada. The extensive storage and extraction sites in Turkmenistan spread from the north-west of the republic to the coast of the Caspian Sea. Above all, the export hit, natural gas, is a main source of foreign currency income that is required for independence from the former Soviet Union. 年輕的土庫(kù)曼斯共和國(guó)目前是世界上礦物油和天然氣擁有量最多的五大國(guó)之一，僅次于俄羅斯，美國(guó)和加拿大。廣泛的存儲(chǔ)地和提取地點(diǎn)遍及土庫(kù)曼斯坦共和國(guó)西北的里海海岸?？傊烊粴獬隹诘耐黄剖窃搰?guó)脫離蘇聯(lián)必需的外幣收入的主要來(lái)源。 Consequently, the government has initialised many international projects for the construction of oil and gas pipelines. These pipelines now extend through Iran into Turkey, and also through Afghanistan to Pakistan and further to China and Japan. As early as 1994, the government signed international agreements for the construction of a gas pipeline through Iran and Turkey to Europe. 因此，政府已啟動(dòng)了許多建設(shè)石油和天然氣管道的國(guó)際工程。這些管道現(xiàn)在可通過(guò)伊朗進(jìn)入土耳其，通過(guò)阿富汗到達(dá)巴基斯坦，將來(lái)也會(huì)進(jìn)入中國(guó)和日本。早在1994年，該國(guó)政府就為建設(shè)通過(guò)伊朗和土耳其進(jìn)入歐洲的天然氣管道簽訂了國(guó)際協(xié)定。 [Fig.] Refinery in the desert of Turkmenistan. The components need to be robust and secure against failure for use there. 圖 在土庫(kù)曼沙漠中的煉油廠。 要應(yīng)對(duì)在這里使用的安全問(wèn)題，組成元件必須是堅(jiān)固而且安全的。 Extreme temperatures In addition to the repair of damaged fibre optic lines, tasks included the installation of a new remote transmission system. In the process, transmission distances from the gas fields of Turkmenistan to neighbouring Iran were achieved. The toughest conditions were in crossing the 400,000 km2 of the Karagum desert that account for around 90 percent of the entire area of Turkmenistan. This cons